Evaluating China''''s Exchange Rate Regime

The U.S.in the last couple of years has been up in arms about China's exchange rate regime. In 1994 China established a de facto currency peg.The dollar-RMB ex- change rate was fixed at 8.28.The People's Bank of China(PBC)al- lowed the rate a narrow band of around .01 to.02 percent in which it could shift daily.The exchange rate program did not become newsworthy until U.S.Treasury Secretary John Snow's visit in 2003.In fact as a study by Frankel and Wei(2007) showed,the RMB's forward was actually selling at a discount against the dollar prior to Secretary Snow's visit to China     

What $2.5 billion can buy: The effect of the Broadband Initiatives Program on farm productivity

This paper investigates whether the Broadband Initiatives Program (BIP), implemented as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) had a positive impact on farm productivity, defined as farm sales per farm employment, in the counties that received any BIP funding. The effect of BIP on the growth of farm sales was examined for the 2008–2010, 2008–2011, 2008–2012 and 2008–2013 periods. The selection bias (the probability that a county received BIP funding) was accounted for using the inverse probability weighting regression method (IPW). The findings suggest that BIP funding had a significant but short-term impact on per employment farm sales.     

企业研发决策、政府资助方案及最优资助配比

本文对企业和政府在企业研发决策中研发组织方式进行了理论分析,研究了不同市场和不同决策下的政府的资助方案及最优资助配比。研究发现,在独立研发的情况下,封闭市场需要政府资助诱导企业私人研发的投入,且最优配比为1:2;出口导向型市场政府资助对企业私人研发的投入无诱导作用;进口导向型市场企业无需政府资助亦会进行私人研发投入。在产学研合作的情况下,封闭市场中支付学研机构的研发费用率k和政府资助s满足(1+s)(1-k)=1.5时达最优资助配比。     

含左氧氟沙星抗结核方案对耐多药肺结核患者痰培养转阴率的影响

目的探讨含左氧氟沙星抗结核方案对耐多药肺结核(MDR-TB)患者痰培养转阴率的影响。方法选取2017年2月至2019年2月锦州市传染病医院收治的62例MDR-TB患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,各31例。对照组行常规2HRZE/4HR化疗方案,观察组在对照组治疗基础上采用左氧氟沙星治疗,比较两组治疗结果。结果观察组治疗1、3、6个月后痰菌转阴率分别为80.65%、83.87%、90.32%,高于对照组56.67%、58.06%、67.74%(P<0.05);观察组病灶吸收治疗有效率为93.55%,高于对照组74.19%(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为19.35%,与对照组16.13%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论含左氧氟沙星抗结核方案在MDR-TB患者中应用效果理想,可提高痰菌转阴率及病灶吸收率,且不会增加过多不良反应,安全性较高。     

Do TV-aided model lessons in class improve student performance? Evidence from public primary schools in Papua New Guinea

Lack of access to high-quality education remains a serious concern in many developing countries. This is especially the case for rural areas, including islands suffering from a shortage of skilled teachers and sufficient educational equipment. We examine the impact of introducing TV-aided model lessons in class to enhance the quality of teaching (the EQUITV project) on the national examination test scores of Mathematics and “Combined Subject” (a comprehensive subject comprising 30% science and 70% social studies and other topics) as well as English in the final year of primary education in Papua New Guinea. We employ a panel event study to capture the different timings of the intervention across schools over multiple time periods. We find that the project significantly and robustly improved test scores for girls only in English 3 years after the introduction of the project, but no improvement was seen for boys.     

并行环境下Java哈希机制的对比及重构

针对并行环境下出现的非线程安全问题,以哈希机制的Hashtable和ConcurrentHashMap的线程安全问题为切入点,设计了可改变线程总数和读写线程数的测试程序,分析了线程安全的ConcurrentHashMap和Hashtable的性能差异。根据性能差异,设计了从Hashtable到ConcurrentHashMap的程序自动重构插件,进而在Hashtable封装数据的情况下,通过对比传统多线程处理方式和Java8中的并行流处理方式的性能差异,分析了流处理方式相对普通多线程处理方式的高效性。对比结果显示,ConcurrentHashMap在并行程序中的性能要优于Hashtable。研究结果为多线程程序开发提出了解决非线程安全提供了较为可行的新思路,对于并行编程具有借鉴意义。     

新农保与农村低收入家庭贫困脆弱性*——基于精准扶贫背景和不同贫困标准

为考察新农保在精准扶贫时期能否降低农村低收入家庭的贫困脆弱性，本文利用2014—2018年家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据，基于2 300元/年和每人每天32美元两类不同贫困标准衡量的贫困脆弱性指标，采用双向固定效应模型和工具变量法进行实证检验。研究发现，总体而言，缴费参与新农保对农村低收入家庭的贫困脆弱性具有显著削弱作用，但领取新农保在一定程度上加剧了农村低收入家庭的贫困脆弱程度。根据领保状态的分阶段分析发现，缴费参与新农保和缴费参保人数增加对未领保家庭和领保家庭的贫困脆弱性都具有显著改善作用，但领取新农保和领保人数对贫困脆弱性没有显著影响。异质性分析表明，缴费参与新农保可以改善健康成员家庭的贫困脆弱性，对无储蓄家庭和无借贷家庭的贫困脆弱程度具有显著缓解作用。机制检验表明，缴费参与新农保可以通过提高家庭生产性固定资产和减少代际转移，进而缓解家庭贫困脆弱性程度，而领取新农保则通过增加子女对老人的经济支持而加剧家庭贫困脆弱程度。     

Impacts of the Broadband Initiatives Program on broadband adoption and home telework

This study investigates the impacts of the Broadband Initiatives Program (BIP), established by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act in 2009, on growth in broadband adoption and use of home telework. We find robust positive impacts across multiple econometric models and methods using census tract-level data in first differences. Across models and methods, the estimated average impact of BIP is in the range of 1.1–3.0 percentage point increase in the share of households adopting broadband and 0.2 to 0.4 percentage point increase in the share of workers using home telework. The estimated impacts of BIP represent roughly one-fourth to two-thirds of the average increase in broadband adoption and one-third to two-thirds of the average increase in home telework in the study tracts during the study period. The impacts of BIP vary across geographic contexts. Broadband and home telework adoption are also affected by prior levels of broadband availability, adoption, and telework, and by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the population and the industrial structure of the economy.     

基于BIM技术、绿色理念和规则推理的公路施工进度计划编排优化

施工进度计划是施工管理和施工过程重要的参考依据。现有的公路施工季度计划相关研究工作主要基于工程案例或施工计划模板等方式，无法实现对具体公路工程项目的精准匹配。对项目空间上、工艺上以及逻辑上的约束关系，从科学、绿色的角度对施工方案进行优化。基于BIM技术自动生成进度计划以及可视化（VR）模拟能够提高施工的准确性和效率，对公路建模、方案调整、加工下料等方式进行逻辑上、绿色理念上的优化，进而解决了复杂环境下公路结构精准定位和碰撞检查，提高了公路工程施工各个环节能耗的有效利用。该研究结果可为公路施工自动化以及绿色施工提供一定的理论指导。     

油田企业设备设施完整性程序文件体系的建立

设备完整性管理体系是油田企业提高设备全生命周期完整性管理水平的重要手段,程序文件是设备完整性管理体系文件中的核心文件。文章结合设备完整性管理实施过程和特点,遵循适宜性、有效性、可操作性原则,构建了油田企业设备完整性管理支撑体系的程序文件体系。建议在使用该体系时结合本企业设备完整性管理实际情况,在专家、有相关经验的管理人员和工程人员的建议下对本体系进行适当调整,以便达到预期使用效果。